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Žužemberk (; (ドイツ語:Seisenberg)), is a town and a municipality in the Dinaric Alps of Slovenia, located south-east of the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. As of 2002 the municipality had a total population of 4579. Žužemberk lies in the southern part of Carniola on the left bank of the Krka River and is dominated by a medieval castle. The parish church was completely destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in recent years. The municipality contains around three settlements. ==History== The Romans built a road through the region. Žužemberk was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1246. In 1399 it was granted market rights. The castle is believed to date back to around 1000, and the castle chapel dedicated to of St. Ulrich was built in 1046.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History )〕 The village that grew around the castle was located at an intersection, and most of its inhabitants were craftsmen or peasants who traded their goods and held fairs.〔 Between 1526 and 1533, the prince bishop Krištof Rauba fortified the castle and added seven defence towers or bastilles.〔 As a result of its new strength, the brothers Jurij and Wolf Auersperg from Turjak bought the castle in 1538, and for centuries the castle and town were in the possession of the leading noble Auersperg family.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Žužemberk Castle )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tourist sights )〕 One of its most esteemed owners was Janez Vajkard I Auersperg, the tutor of the emperor Ferdinand III, who was court councillor and the first minister in the Habsburg monarchy, and who obtained family rights to prevent the castle's sale.〔 In the 16th century the town suffered repeated attacks. In 1559, the castle was conquered by Gregor, an illegitimate son of Jurij Turjaški with eighteen soldiers, but this conquest was quickly suppressed, and the castle was recaptured by Herbart Turjaški, the general of the Croatian region of the time, and the dead soldiers were thrown into the forest to be devoured by wild beasts.〔 In 1575, Countess Ana von Eck from Brdo Castle was killed by a tame bear in the castle courtyard.〔 Over the next century a number of important nobles were born in the town, including in 1557 Andrej Auersperg Šumberski, the son of Wolf Engelbert, who after completing his studies in Padova, went on the receive a decoration by both the Pope and the Habsburg Emperor for his role in the defeat of the Turks in 1593.〔 In 1615 Janez Vajkard Auersperg was born in Žužemberk. He became the tutor of the emperor Ferdinand III, later becoming a prince and first minister in the Habsburg monarchy, and a cardinal in 1669, upon which he returned to this town, where he died in 1677.〔 His great-grandson, Jožef Franc Anton, became a cardinal in 1783.〔 The Auersperg family established a notable ironworks in the town, and the steel industry was important to the economy. The Auersperg installed a blast furnace and ironworks in 1763, and were granted permission for extensive iron mining in the area.〔 By 1891, however, the industry operations in Žužemberk faced excessive competition and costly production and ceased operating.〔 A number of sawmills and water mills also developed in the town, and Žužemberk also has one of the oldest paper mills in Slovenia.〔 In 1775, the Empress Maria Theresa gave consent to guild of seventeen tanners in Žužemberk, and it became an important trade, with merchants in Žužemberk making trousers, aprons, wine-skins and wheat sacks.〔 The castle served as a prison for many years, but was depopulated in 1893.〔 During the Second World War, Italian occupation troops were stationed at the castle and guerrillas set it on fire. In February 1945, Žužemberk, being an Italian stronghold, was attacked by Allied bombers. The castle was heavily damaged but not destroyed (as the church was), and restoration work began in the 1960s.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Žužemberk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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